Good That Came from a Game Pit
September 13, 2014
John Bunyan
(1628–1688). The Pilgrim’s Progress.
Vol. 15, pp. 13-23 of
The Harvard Classics
From cockfighting,
bear baiting, and like sports, the wife of John Bunyan converted him
to a life of humility and reverence. While imprisoned for preaching,
he used his idle time in writing a fantastic story of a soul's
salvation - probably the most famous allegory ever written.
(John Bunyan
liberated and pardoned, Sept. 13, 1672.)
The
Pilgrim’s Progress, in the Similitude of a Dream; The First Part
AS I walk’d through the
wilderness of this world, I lighted on a certain place where was a
Den, and I laid me down in that place to sleep; and as I slept, I
dreamed a Dream. I dreamed, and behold I saw a Man cloathed with
Rags, standing in a certain place, with his face from his own house,
a Book in his hand, and a great Burden upon his back. I looked, and
saw him open the Book, and read therein; and as he read, he wept and
trembled; and not being able longer to contain, he brake out with a
lamentable cry, saying What shall I do?
In this plight therefore he went home,
and refrained himself as long as he could, that his Wife and Children
should not perceive his distress, but he could not be silent long,
because that his trouble increased: Wherefore at length he brake his
mind to his Wife and Children; and thus he began to talk to them: O
my dear Wife, said he, and you the Children of my
bowels, I your dear friend, am in myself undone by reason of a Burden
that lieth hard upon me; moreover, I am for certain informed that
this our City will be burned with fire from Heaven; in which fearful
overthrow, both myself, with thee my Wife, and you my sweet Babes,
shall miserably come to ruin, except (the which yet I see not) some
way of escape can be found, whereby we may be delivered. At
this his Relations were sore amazed; not for that they believed that
what he had said to them was true, but because they thought that some
frenzy distemper had got into his head; therefore, it drawing towards
night, and they hoping that sleep might settle his brains, with all
haste they got him to bed: But the night was as troublesome to him as
the day; wherefore, instead of sleeping, he spent it in sighs and
tears. So, when the morning was come, they would know how he did; He
told them Worse and worse: he also set to talking to
them again, but they began to be hardened: they also thought to drive
away his distemper by harsh and surly carriages to him; sometimes
they would deride, sometimes they would chide, and sometimes they
would quite neglect him: Wherefore he began to retire himself to his
chamber, to pray for and pity them, and also to condole his own
misery; he would also walk solitarily in the fields, sometimes
reading, and sometimes praying: and thus for some days he spent his
time.
Now, I saw upon a time, when he was
walking in the fields, that he was, as he was wont, reading in his
Book, and greatly distressed in his mind; and as he read, he burst
out, as he had done before, crying, What shall I do to be
saved?
I saw also that he looked this way and
that way, as if he would run; yet he stood still, because, as I
perceived, he could not tell which way to go. I looked then, and saw
a man named Evangelist, coming to him, and
asked, Wherefore dost thou cry?
He answered, Sir, I perceive by the
Book in my hand, that I am condemned to die, and after that to come
to Judgment, and I find that I am not willing to do the first, nor
able to do the second.
Christian no
sooner leaves the World but meets
Evangelist, who
lovingly him greets
With tidings of
another: and doth shew
Him how to mount to
that from this below.
Then said Evangelist, Why
not willing to die, since this life is attended with so many evils?
The Man answered, Because I fear that this burden that is upon my
back will sink me lower than the Grave, and I shall fall into Tophet.
And, Sir, if I be not fit to go to Prison, I am not fit to go to
Judgment, and from thence to Execution; and the thoughts of these
things make me cry.
Then said Evangelist, If
this be thy condition, why standest thou still? He answered, Because
I know not whither to go. Then he gave him a Parchment-roll, and
there was written within, Fly from the wrath to come.
The Man therefore read it, and looking
upon Evangelist very carefully, said, Whither must I
fly? Then said Evangelist, pointing with his finger
over a very wide field, Do you see yonder Wicket-gate? The
Man said, No. Then said the other, Do you see yonder shining Light?
He said, I think I do. Then said Evangelist, Keep that
Light in your eye, and go up directly thereto: so shalt thou see the
Gate; at which, when thou knockest, it shall be told thee what thou
shalt do.
So I saw in my Dream that the Man
began to run.
Now he had not run far from his own
door, but his Wife and Children, perceiving it, began to cry after
him to return; but the Man out his fingers in his ears, and ran on,
crying Life! Life! Eternal Life! So he looked not
behind him, but fled towards the middle of the Plain.
The Neighbors also came out to see him run; and as
he ran, some mocked, others threatened, and some cried after him to
return; and among those that did so, there were two that resolved to
fetch him back by force. The name of the one was Obstinate, and
the name of the other Pliable. Now by this time the
Man was got a good distance from them; but however they were resolved
to pursue him, which they did, and in a little time they overtook
him. Then said the Man, Neighbors, wherefore are you come? They said,
To persuade you to go back with us. But he said, That can by no means
be; you dwell, said he, in the City of Destruction, the
place also where I was born, I see it to be so; and dying there,
sooner or later, you will sink lower than the Grave, into a place
that burns with Fire and Brimstone: be content, good Neighbors, and
go along with me.
Obst. What,
said Obstinate, and leave our friends and our
comforts behind us!
Chr. Yes,
said Christian, for that was his name, because
that all which you shall forsake is not worthy to be
compared with a little of that that I am seeking to
enjoy; and if you will go along with me and hold it, you shall fare
as I myself; for there where I go, is enough and to spare: Come away,
and prove my words.
Obst. What are the
things you seek, since you leave all the world to find them?
Chr. I seek
an Inheritance incorruptible, undefiled, and that fadeth not
away, and it is laid up in Heaven, and safe there, to be
bestowed at the time appointed, on them that diligently seek it. Read
it so, if you will, in my Book.
Obst. Tush,
said Obstinate, away with your Book; will you go
back with us or no?
Chr. No, not I, said
the other, because I have laid my hand to the Plow.
Obst. Come then,
Neighbor Pliable, let us turn again, and go home
without him; there is a company of these craz’d-headed coxcombs,
that, when they take a fancy by the end, are wiser in their own eyes
than seven men that can render a reason.
Pli. Then
said Pliable, Don’t revile; if what the good
Christian says is true, the things he looks after are better than
ours; my heart inclines to go with my Neighbor.
Obst. What! more
fools still? Be ruled by me, and go back; who knows whither such a
brain-sick fellow will lead you? Go back, go back, and be wise.
Chr. Come with me,
Neighbor Pliable; there are such things to be had which I spoke of,
and many more Glories besides. If you believe not me, read here in
this Book; and for the truth of what is exprest therein, behold, all
is confirmed by the blood of Him that made it.
Pli. Well,
Neighbor Obstinate, said Pliable, I
begin to come to a point: I intend to go along with this good man,
and to cast in my lot with him: but, my good companion, do you know
the way to this desired place?
Chr. I am directed
by a man, whose name is Evangelist, to speed me to a
little Gate that is before us, where we shall receive instructions
about the way.
Pli. Come then, good
Neighbor, let us be going. Then they went both together.
Obst. And I will go
back to my place, said Obstinate; I will be no
companion of such mis-led, fantastical fellows.
Now I saw in my Dream, that
when Obstinate was gone
back, Christian andPliable went talking
over the Plain; and thus they began their discourse.
Chr. Come
Neighbor Pliable, how do you do? I am glad you are
persuaded to go along with me: Had even Obstinate himself
but felt what I have felt of the powers and terrors of what is yet
unseen, he would not thus lightly have given us the back.
Pli. Come,
Neighbor Christian, since there are none but us two
here, tell me now further what the things are, and how to be enjoyed,
whither we are going?
Chr. I can better
conceive of them with my Mind, than speak of them with my Tongue: but
yet, since you are desirous to know, I will read of them in my Book.
Pli. And do you
think that the words of your Book are certainly true?
Chr. Yes, verily;
for it was made by him that cannot lye.
Pli. Well said; what
things are they?
Chr. There is an
endless Kingdom to be inhabited, and everlasting Life to be given us,
that may inhabit that Kingdom for ever.
Pli. Well said; and
what else?
Chr. There are
Crowns of glory to be given us, and Garments that will make us shine
like the Sun in the firmament of Heaven.
Pli. This is
excellent; and what else?
Chr. There shall be
no more crying, nor sorrow, for He that is owner of the place will
wipe all tears from our eyes.
Pli. And what
company shall we have there?
Chr. There we shall
be with Seraphims and Cherubins, creatures
that will dazzle your eyes to look on them: There also you shall meet
with thousands and ten thousands that have gone before us to that
place; none of them are hurtful, but loving and holy; every one
walking in the sight of God, and standing in his presence with
acceptance for ever. In a word, there we shall see the Elders with
their golden Crowns, there we shall see the Holy Virgins with their
golden Harps, there we shall see men that by the World were cut in
pieces, burnt in flames, eaten of beasts, drowned in the seas, for
the love that they bare to the Lord of the place, all well, and
cloathed with Immortality as with a garment.
Pli. The hearing of
this is enough to ravish one’s heart; but are these things to be
enjoyed? How shall we get to be sharers hereof?
Chr. The Lord, the
Governor of the country, hath recorded that in this
Book; the substance of which is, If we be truly willing to have it,
he will bestow it upon us freely.
Pli. Well, my good
companion, glad am I to hear of these things; come on, let us mend
our pace.
Chr. I cannot go so
fast as I would, by reason of this Burden that is upon my back.
Now I saw in my Dream, that just as
they had ended this talk, they drew near to a very miry Slough, that
was in the midst of the plain; and they, being heedless, did both
fall suddenly into the bog. The name of the slough wasDispond. Here
therefore they wallowed for a time, being grievously bedaubed with
the dirt; and Christian, because of the Burden that
was on his back, began to sink in the mire.
Pli. Then
said Pliable, Ah Neighbor Christian, where
are you now?
Chr. Truly,
said Christian, I do not know.
Pli. At
that Pliable began to be offended, and angerly said
to his fellow, Is this the happiness you have told me all this while
of? If we have such ill speed at our first setting out, what may we
expect ’twixt this and our Journey’s end? May I get out again
with my life, you shall possess the brave Country alone for me. And
with that he gave a desperate struggle or two, and got out of the
mire on that side of the Slough which was next to his own house: so
away he went, and Christian saw him no more.
Wherefore Christian was
left to tumble in the Slough of Dispond alone; but
still he endeavoured to struggle to that side of the Slough that was
still further from his own house, and next to the Wicket-gate; the
which he did, but could not get out, because of the Burden that was
upon his back: But I beheld in my Dream, that a man came to him,
whose name was Help, and asked him, What he
did there?
Chr. Sir,
said Christian, I was bid go this way by a man
called Evangelist,who directed me also to yonder Gate,
that I might escape the wrath to come; and as I was going thither, I
fell in here.
Help. But why did you not
look for the steps?
Chr. Fear followed
me so hard, that I fled the next way, and fell in.
Help. Then said he, Give
me thy hand: so he gave him his hand, and he drew him out,
and set him upon sound ground, and bid him go on his way.
Then I stepped to him that pluckt him
out, and said, Sir, wherefore, since over this place is the way from
the City of Destruction to yonder Gate, is it that
this plat is not mended, that poor travellers might go thither with
more security? And he said unto me, This miry Slough is such a place
as cannot be mended; it is the descent whither the scum and filth
that attends conviction for sin doth continually run, and therefore
it is called the Slough of Dispond; for still as the
sinner is awakened about his lost condition, there ariseth in his
soul many fears and doubts, and discouraging apprehensions, which all
of them get together, and settle in this place: And this is the
reason of the badness of this ground.
It is not the pleasure of the King
that this place should remain so bad. His labourers also have, by the
direction of His Majesties Surveyors, been for above these sixteen
hundred years employed about this patch of ground, if perhaps it
might have been mended: yea, and to my knowledge, said he, here
hath been swallowed up at least twenty thousand cart-loads, yea,
millions of wholesome instructions, that have at all seasons been
brought from all places of the King’s dominions (and they that can
tell say they are the best materials to make good ground of the
place), if so be it might have been mended, but it is the Slough
of Dispond still, and so will be when they have done
what they can.
True, there are by the direction of the Lawgiver,
certain good and substantial steps, placed even through the very
midst of this Slough; but at such time as this place doth much spue
out its filth, as it doth against change of weather, these steps are
hardly seen; or if they be, men through the dizziness of their heads,
step besides; and then they are bemired to purpose, notwithstanding
the steps be there; but the ground is good when they are once got in
at the Gate.
Now I saw in my Dream, that by this
time Pliable was got home to his house again. So his
Neighbors came to visit him: and some of them called him wise man for
coming back, and some called him fool for hazarding himself
with Christian: others again did mock at his
cowardliness; saying, Surely since you began to venture, I would not
have been so base to have given out for a few difficulties.
So Pliable sat sneaking among them. But at last he
got more confidence, and then they all turned their tales, and began
to deride poor Christian behind his back. And thus much
concerning Pliable.
Now as Christian was
walking solitary by himself, he espied one afar off come crossing
over the field to meet him; and their hap was to meet just as they
were crossing the way of each other. The gentleman’s name that met
him was Mr Worldly Wiseman: he dwelt in the Town
of Carnal Policy, a very great Town, and also hard
by from whence Christian came. This man then meeting
with Christian, and having some inkling of
him,—for Christian’s setting forth from the City
of Destruction was much noised abroad, not only in
the Town where he dwelt, but also it began to be the town-talk in
some other places,—Master Worldly Wiseman therefore,
having some guess of him, by beholding his laborious going, by
observing his sighs and groans, and the like, began thus to enter
into some talk with Christian.
World. How now, good
fellow, whither away after this burdened manner?
Chr. A burdened
manner indeed, as ever I think poor creature had. And whereas you ask
me, Whither away? I tell you, Sir, I am going to
yonder Wicket-gate before me; for there, as I am informed, I shall be
put into a way to be rid of my heavy Burden.
World. Hast thou a
Wife and Children?
Chr. Yes, but I am
so laden with this Burden, that I cannot take that pleasure in them
as formerly; methinks I am as if I had none.
World. Wilt thou
hearken to me if I give thee counsel?
Chr. If it be good,
I will; for I stand in need of good counsel.
World. I would
advise thee then, that thou with all speed get thyself rid of thy
Burden; for thou wilt never be settled in thy mind till then; nor
canst thou enjoy the benefits of the blessing which God hath bestowed
upon thee till then.
Chr. That is that
which I seek for, even to be rid of this heavy Burden; but get it off
myself, I cannot; nor is there any man in our country that can take
it off my shoulders; therefore am I going this way, as I told you,
that I may be rid of my Burden.
World. Who bid thee
go this way to be rid of thy Burden?
Chr. A man that
appeared to me to be a very great and honorable person; his name as I
remember is Evangelist.
World. I beshrew him
for his counsel; there is not a more dangerous and troublesome way in
the world than is that unto which he hath directed thee; and that
thou shalt find, if thou wilt be ruled by his counsel. Thou hast met
with something (as I perceive) already; for I see the dirt of the
Slough of Dispond is upon thee; but that Slough is the
beginning of the sorrows that do attend those that go on in that way:
Hear me, I am older than thou; thou art like to meet with, in the way
which thou goest, Wearisomeness, Painfulness, Hunger, Perils,
Nakedness, Sword, Lions, Dragons, Darkness, and in a word, Death, and
what not! These things are certainly true, having been confirmed by
many testimonies. And why should a man so carelessly cast away
himself, by giving heed to a stranger?
Chr. Why, Sir, this
Burden upon my back is more terrible to me than are all these things
which you have mentioned; nay, methinks I care not what I meet with
in the way, so be I can also meet with deliverance from my Burden.
World. How camest
thou by the Burden at first?
Chr. By reading this
Book in my hand.
World. I thought so;
and it is happened unto thee as to other weak men, who meddling with
things too high for them, do suddenly fall into thy distractions;
which distractions do not only unman men (as thine I perceive has
done thee), but they run them upon desperate ventures, to obtain they
know not what.
Chr. I know what I
would obtain; it is ease for my heavy burden.
World. But why wilt
thou seek for ease this way, seeing so many dangers attend it?
Especially, since (hadst thou but patience to hear me) I could direct
thee to the obtaining of what thou desirest, without the dangers that
thou in this way wilt run thyself into; yea, and the remedy is at
hand. Besides, I will add, that instead of those dangers, thou shalt
meet with much safety, friendship, and content.
Chr. Pray Sir, open
this secret to me.
World. Why in yonder
Village (the village is named Morality) there dwells a Gentleman
whose name is Legality, a very judicious man, and a man of very good
name, that has skill to help men off with such burdens as thine are
from their shoulders: yea, to my knowledge he hath done a great deal
of good this way; ay, and besides, he hath skill to cure those that
are somewhat crazed in their wits with their burdens. To him, as I
said, thou mayest go, and be helped presently. His house is not quite
a mile from this place, and if he should not be at home himself, he
hath a pretty young man to his Son, whose name is Civility, that
can do it (to speak on) as well as the old Gentleman himself; there,
I say, thou mayest be eased of thy Burden; and if thou art not minded
to go back to thy former habitation, as indeed I would not wish thee,
thou mayest send for thy Wife and Children to thee to this village,
where there are houses now stand empty, one of which thou mayest have
at reasonable rates; Provision is there also cheap and good; and that
which will make thy life the more happy is, to be sure there thou
shalt live by honest Neighbors, in credit and good fashion.
Now was Christian somewhat
at a stand, but presently he concluded, If this be true which this
Gentleman hath said, my wisest course is to take his advice; and with
that he thus farther spoke.
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